Table of Contents - Three Nations

Introduction	2

Brazil Dance of Deception: a Reading of Race Relations in Brazil by Abdias do Nascimento and Elisa Larkin Nascimento	7
Introduction	7
Inequality in Brazil: A General Picture	7
Racial Inequality in Brazil	8
Gender and Race Disparities	10
Education Disparities	12
Disparities in Mortality and Living Conditions	13
Disparities in Public Images	13
Historical Roots of Inequality	15
Whitening, Demography and Color Classifications	16
Voices and Viewpoints	17
Correcting the Record	18
New Perspectives	18
Strategies and Opportunities	21
Directions	24
Conclusion	24
Appendix	25
Endnotes	26
Abbreviations	29
References	30

Extent and Nature of Racial Inequalities in Brazil
by Nelson do Valle Silva
Introduction	33
Social Mobility	34
Acquisition of Income	38
Conclusion	39
References	39
Endnotes	40
Appendix	41

South Africa	43
The Second Republic: Race, Inequality and Democracy in South Africa
by Wilmot James and Jeffrey Lever
Introduction	43
South Africans and Their Labels	44
Colonial Conquest and the Land Question	45
State and Social Inequality	48
Racism and Democracy	53
The Second Republic	56
Endnotes	57

A Rich and Tangled Skein:Strategy and Ideology in Anti-Apartheid Struggles
by Colin Bundy
Introduction	60
Watershed Years: the 1940s	61
Defiance, Charter, Africanism, and Sharpeville	62
Sharpeville and the Turn to Armed Struggle	64
Black Consciousness, Worker Struggles, and Soweto	66
Decade of Defiance: 1979-89	68
Conclusion	70
Endnotes	71
References	72

The United States	75
Not Yet "E Pluribus Unum": Racism, America’s Achilles’ Heel
By Charles V. Hamilton
Introduction	75
What’s To Be Done and How: The Necessity for Coalitions	76
What Has Been Done and Why: Pressure at Home and International Vulnerability	78
Encouraging Trends, and Disturbing Developments	83
Opportunities and Strategies	91
What Are Some Opportunities?	91
Are There Promising Strategies?	93
Conclusion: "E Pluribus Justitia"	94
Endnotes	98

Truth and Reconciliations in America
by Ira Glasser
America’s Original Sin	100
Where We Are Now	103

Chronology of Major Events in the History of Brazil, South Africa and the United States
Brazil	107
South Africa	109
United States	111

APPENDIX	114
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE	114
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	115
PUBLICATIONS	115
LIST OF TABLES	116